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在美本申请流程里,除了课外活动,另一个重头戏无疑就是文书了。特别是各方面相差无几的学生之间,是否获得Offer的关键就在于谁的文书更符合大学的特性。每个大学对于文书主题都有自己的特定偏好,“审美”大不相同。
私立大学
比如斯坦福大学更偏向于在文书中看到学生积极的个人特质或者是有创造性的个人和家庭的故事,期待学生的文笔好,质量高,下面附一篇被斯坦福大学录取文书↓↓
向上滑动阅览 A thin shard of sunlight sliced through the vent of the windowless, cold, and cramped one bedroom basement apartment. The apartment stood three stories high with its weight suffocating the basement. I sat on the stained carpet, alone, playing with my one and only prized Hot Wheels car. My mother was working her ten-hour shift as a minimum wage waitress and my father was nowhere to be found. My father left our family when I turned three-years old. He also left the burden of his reckless gambling debt to my mother and left us to fend for ourselves. At the time, my mother barely spoke any English, yet she had to find work in order to support us. She became occupied with work, so I was frequently isolated at home. The house on Wellington Avenue in Daly City evolved to represent all the suppression my mother and I endured. As a child, wherever I could go to be away from the cell, I went. A few days after my eleventh birthday, I trudged home on an afternoon to discover our house robbed again, this time of my mother's savings for the following month's rent and my new "Stingray 5000" water gun. I burst into tears and cried in my mother's fragile arms. It was that moment I vowed to do something about our situation. I was tired living in that horrid house, being deprived of my mother because of her demanding work schedule, and feeling like the whole world was constantly against us. Early in my childhood, I realized that our family was fnancially poor, because of that, I wanted to be rich in knowledge. Every day after school, I would take the transit to the Daly City Public Library where I could be away from the miserable house and focus on my studies. It was there that I would max out my library card to read Harry Potter novels and sit at the wide tables with my head in textbooks and magazines, searching for a better life. My mother knew the anger I had for the house, as a result, she would indirectly encourage me to channel out my negative feelings for the house into positive ones for learning by dropping by the library after work with apple juice for me. My appreciation for my mother is great because she still managed to set time aside from her work to attend to my needs. My objective was to gain all the knowledge I could, in hope of devising a plan to get us out of the Wellington Black Hole. At one point, I spent a whole Saturday looking for some sort of mathematical equation that would cure our blight. Enriching my knowledge was my naive way of trying to improve and control our bleak situation. Fortunately, my mother's relentless effort for work allowed us to move to a better part of Daly City. When I fnally got my driver's license at the age of sixteen, after a vigorous curriculum of driver's education, driving lessons, and a driving test, the frst place I drove my mother's old Toyota Camry was to the house on Wellington Avenue. The freedom of driving allowed me to explore a place where I had been trapped in for so long. Crouched on the warm cement, I glanced pass the faded wooden walls and peered through the constricting vent to see the three year old that once sat on the cold foor.www.liuxue.la As I stood with the sun shining on my back, I acknowledged that my mother and I were given a situation that we did not choose, but we ultimately became the ones who changed the course of our lives. A photo of the Wellington house sits on my bedroom window edge, casting a small shadow when sun light beams in. It serves as a painful reminder of my background, and an inspiration to continue excelling in life, even when unfavorable conditions dominate. 而哈佛大学则“丧丧的”,更对学生的成功以及克服困难的过程感兴趣,更喜欢看到申请者的“反省”和“成长”。 (如需哈佛大学示例文书,可咨询小助手进行领取哦(*^▽^*)) 对麻省理工学院、加州理工学院等理工学院来说,招生官更想在文书中看到的是学生展现自己在理工科方面的才能和成就,以及是否能够将自己学到的书本知识运用发挥出来,影响周围的人和事,团队精神看得比较重要。 倘若学生在做到是理工科学霸的同时,还能在文书中加入适当的人文信息,如对文史典籍的喜爱,能够很好的平衡学习和生活,表现出对于社会问题的关注,更是能够赢得顶尖名校目光,打破理工生刻板无趣的“魔咒”。 更多学校文书偏好,点击下方进入查看: 此外,公立大学和私立大学对于文书的偏好也有很大的差距。私立大学更看重学生的Personal,而公立大学希望学生写Community,在文书里表现出将如何契合学校,都会为大学带来哪些影响和发展。 尤其是公立旗舰的加州大学,他们每个申请季需要审阅的申请数以万计,招生官一点也不喜欢学生讨论玄乎的、容易绕晕的哲学问题。 申请生能够把自己的故事有条理地讲清楚了,突出了自己的特质,说明白“你做了什么事,这个事情给你带来了什么样的影响,能够展现出你是什么样的人”就非常不错。 我们都知道写CA主文书时候会用到很多写作技巧,比如开头要引人入胜,文章要有创造力,结构要新颖,让人看后能很容易被你的故事深深吸引,并记住你。 难道好的文书不都是这样吗? No!UC招生官就不这样认为,他们也不是很在意写作的文笔,只是单纯的希望学生通过朴实无华、简单直白的内容,把成长经历和背景讲清楚,同时显示出你的能力、进步和反思。 也许是因为他们的申请学生人数太多(近几年加州多所学校申请人数破10W),审核材料的工作量非常大,所以他们只希望通过文书了解你的背景即可。 UC招生官提示:文书创作误区 01:缩写:禁用 比如参与的比赛,名称要用全称,招生官没有时间去查询你的缩写名称是什么比赛。 02:引用与对话 虽然CA文书中特别常用,但UC招生官却只希望看到你自己的陈述。 03:哲学问题 不要试图撰写一些高深的哲学问题,简单才是王道。 04:创意写作 加州文书不是创意写作!!!不需要你把故事情节描写的跌宕起伏。 05:取题目 加州的文书更像是一个问答,只需回答即可。 06:花哨的语言 无需花哨语音,正常表达清楚就行。 07:讲故事 也不要讲故事,不要场景描述,没意义。 08:玩笑和讽刺 这虽然是很典型的文书创作方式,但是加州招生官并不喜欢。 从中可以看出加州招生官对文书的要求就是简洁直白,朴实无华,我们在写作中一定要遵循他的要求,避免这些雷区! 下面给大家看一下加州文书第一篇 leadership,也就是领导力方面的2个示例: 示例一 这个学生在文书中写了很多帮助新生的内容,但是TA没有指出任何具体的例子,没有提供任何的细节,也没有说TA具体是怎么去解决这个问题的。 当时现场也有counselor提出这个文章字数太少了,但是实际上UC并不在乎你字数多少,按照他们的说法,只要你不超过字数,能够把事情讲清楚就可以。但是一般来说,我们还是建议字数不要太少了,350字上限的话,我们的文书尽量能够保证在300字左右,不要超过350字就好了。 示例二 这篇文书实际上也只有191个字,但是对于UC来说这是一篇好文书。因为TA举出了很详细的例子,同时也很深刻地讲了自己怎么去解决问题。UC喜欢的就是这种特别具体化的内容。所以我们在写UC文书的时候,一定要尽可能地具体, 比如what did you do (你做了什么), how did you do it (你怎么做的), what did you learn from it (你从中学到了什么)等等。但是,一般来说,我们在写作的时候,字数还是不要过于少了。 ED/EA截至时间马上到了,下面给申请季的学生附上文书自检表 文书自检表 Q:我的主文书是围绕着某个要点去陈述的吗?有没有引领中心思想的“那条线”? 在第一段写我爱运动,第二段话锋一转开始写我的童年如何度过,第三段写给我留下深刻印象的那个人…… 这样操作不仅不会让招生官感受到你的立体形象,反而会让他晕头转向,不知所云,留下一个糟糕的印象,只能默默放下你的申请材料,先去看另一个了。 Q:我在文书中使用的素材,例子能够很好地证明我要论述的主线吗? 无论是想突出领导者这个特质,亦或是体育健将,或者是学术着迷狂,超级辩手,都需要申请生给到自己经历过的例子和更多的细节。 单靠形容词的堆砌是没办法给吹上天的,也不会取信于招生官,反而会让对方觉得申请生华而不实,在编造。 Q:假如我是招生官,我读了这篇文章会有想要录取这个学生的冲动吗? 写好文书后,全篇读一遍,你有让自己感动嘛?你写清楚了自己的特质嘛?对自己的内心活动,形象刻画,性格转变等等描写的到位吗?
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